INTERNATIONALIZATION GLOSSARY
Blog
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a frequent, chronological publication of personal thoughts and Web links. Blogging has become a popular platform for business, from companies trying to humanize their brand to solopreneurs seeking to make a full-time income online. But ...
Brand
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A brand is a mixture of attributes, tangible and intangible, symbolised in a trademark, which, if managed properly, creates value and influence. “Value” has different interpretations: from a marketing or consumer perspective it is ...
Brand
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it is a primary commercial identification and / or the set of several identifiers with which it relates and offers a product or service in the market.
Brand Architecture
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How an organization structures and names the brands within its portfolio. There are three main types of brand architecture system: monolithic, where the corporate name is used on all products and services offered by the company; endorsed, ...
Browsing
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Looking through a set of data with or without a defined purpose. As concerns internet, it usually involves the world wide web.
Business model
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the business model describes how a firm creates and distributes value, identifying sources of revenue, the intended customer base, products, and details of financing. It includes the value proposition, the commercial perspective, the productive ...
BUSINESS PLAN
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It is a document where the business idea is written down. It should contain detailed information on the product or the service the business is about, who are its promoters, what are the needs it intends to meet and how it is planned to ...
Cloud computing
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On-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage and computing power, without direct active management by the user
Commercial Strategy
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Define the characteristics of the product (satisfying need, advantages, benefits, positioning) Establish the pricing strategy (in what situation is the company with respect to its competitors) Establish the promotion strategy (present the ...
Communication
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it is a process of information exchange, in which a transmitter transmits something to a receiver through a channel waiting for a response from that receiver to occur, in a given context.
Competence
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the combination of skills, knowledge and experience that result in a person’s ability to carry our specific tasks and procedures to a required standard.
Copyright
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it is a set of legal norms and principles that affirm the moral and patrimonial rights that the law grants to the authors (the copyright), by the simple fact of the creation of a literary, artistic, musical, scientific work or didactic, ...
Copyright
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Exclusive right of an author, publisher or licensee to exploit a literary, scientific or artistic work for a certain time.
Corporate image
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“Corporate image” is a phrase that is referring to the reputation of a company. It is the “image” that a public is supposed to see when the company is mentioned. A corporate image is, the sum of all the impressions that the company ...
CRM (Customer Relationship Management)
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Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a term that refers to practices, strategies and technologies that companies use to manage and analyse their interaction and data throughout the customers lifecycle. The end goal is to improve the ...
Crowdfunding
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is a method of raising capital in small amounts from a large group of people using the Internet and social media. Unlike funds from venture capitalists or investors, the money raised through crowdfunding doesn’t necessarily buy a share, ...
Customer trust
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Building a customer trust means developing a credible and outstanding seller profile. The three main things relevant to arts & crafts microenterprises with this respect are 1) references and customer testimonials (reviews from your customers ...
Data protection
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It is a fundamental right of natural persons, which seeks to protect their privacy and privacy against violations of such rights that may arise from the collection and storage of their personal data by companies or entities.
Digital Communication
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Any (communication or marketing) action that is oriented to promote products and/or services via social media such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Whatsapp, Instagram etc. but also via entrepreneurs’ websites.
Digital technologies
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electronic tools, systems, devices and resources that generate, store or process data. Well known examples include social media, online games, multimedia and mobile phones. Digital learning is any type of learning that uses technology. ...
Distribution channel
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A distribution channel help you expand your reach and grow revenue. The firm sell its product through a geographical network of dealers and they sell to the end-customers.
E-commerce
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is just the process of buying and selling produce by electronic means such as by mobile applications and the Internet. Ecommerce refers to both online retail as well as electronic transactions. Ecommerce has hugely increased in popularity ...
ECOMMERCE
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It stands for Electronic Commerce and it consists of the exchange of goods and services through the Internet. It can also be referred to as online shopping and it has increased rapidly in the past years due to in general terms, the growing ...
Economy
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Science that studies resources, the creation of wealth and the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services, to meet human needs
Emotional Intelligence
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is the ability to recognize and understand emotions in yourself and others and then use this awareness to manage your behavior and relationships.
Emotional Intelligence
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is the ability to recognize and understand emotions in yourself and others and then use this awareness to manage your behavior and relationships.
Employee motivation
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has been broadly defined as the psychological forces that determine the direction of a person's behavior in a team or an organization. Motivational leadership refers to someone leading others by motivating them to strive for certain ...
Employee motivation
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has been broadly defined as the psychological forces that determine the direction of a person's behavior in a team or an organization. Motivational leadership refers to someone leading others by motivating them to strive for certain ...
Employer brand
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is a set of attributes and qualities – often intangible – that makes an organization distinctive, promises a particular kind of employment experience, and appeals to those people who will thrive and perform to their best in its culture.
Entry strategy
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It is the general name for a way how you plan to enter the foreign market. Main decision within the entry strategy are related to marketing (especially communication, pricing and distribution), branding, localization. Decision on foreign ...
ETSY
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An e-commerce website specialised in selling handmade or vintage items (jewelry, clothing, home dé décor, furniture etc).
Feasibility analysis
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it is the study that provides the success or failure of a project based on a series of basic data of an empirical nature: project environment, profitability, market needs, political feasibility, cultural acceptance, applicable legislation...
Functional activity
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An activity or functional area is a set of specialized tasks that are based on similar knowledge, resources or techniques. The tasks are grouped with functional criteria to achieve more efficiency, technical excellence and ease to supervise ...
Globalization
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is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology.
Google AdWords
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is an advertising service by Google for businesses that want to display ads on Google and its advertising network. The AdWords program enables businesses to set a budget for advertising and only pay when people click on the ads. The ad ...
Gross margin
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From your sales revenue you have to deduct the cost of the products sold. “In this way, you quantify the gross operating margin. The cost of your products is obtained by adding all the variable costs, which increase proportionally to ...
Hierarchy
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Hierarchy is a way to structure an organization using different levels of authority and a vertical link, or chain of command, between superior and subordinate levels of the organization. Higher levels of the hierarchy control the successive ...
ICT ( Information and communications technology – or technologies)
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ICT is a collective name that includes any communication device or application, encompassing: Radio, television, Mobile phones, computers/ laptops, and network, hardware, software, satellite systems and so on, as well as various services ...
INCOTERM
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It is an abbreviation for International Commercial Terms. They are contract clauses promoted by the International Chamber of Commerce and accepted internationally. They expressed who is responsible for what in terms of responsibility, insurance, ...
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
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The World Intellectual Property Organization defines Intellectual Property (IP) as the creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce. Following their description, ...
Intellectual property
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Set of copyright, personal (moral) and economic (economic) rights that correspond to the authors on the works of their creation.
Intermediaries
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are the independent groups or organizations within the channel that make the product available for consumption. There are four main types of intermediary: agents, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers.
Internet privacy
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is the privacy and security level of personal data published via the Internet. It is a broad term that refers to a variety of factors, techniques and technologies used to protect sensitive and private data, communications, and preferences.
Job analysis
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is a systematic way of gather and analyze information about the content, the duties, responsibilities, necessary skills, outcomes of a particular job, and the context in which jobs are performed.
Joint venture
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A joint venture (JV) is a business arrangement in which two or more parties agree to pool their resources for the purpose of accomplishing a specific task. This task can be a new project or any other business activity.
Key activities
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The most important activities in executing a company's value proposition. Operations, manufacturing, design, supplier management, etc. These activities use key resources and need the collaboration of a partner network to be carried out.
Leader
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is a person who knows the path, follows it and shows it to others. Manager is the person who possess formal authority and ensures that people do what they are told to do.
Leadership
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means setting the direction of changes, creating strategies and inspire people to follow that direction.
Leadership
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means setting the direction of changes, creating strategies and inspire people to follow that direction.
Legal form
MoreThe definition of a company's legal form could be affirmed that it is the identity that a company legally assumes, taking into account its ownership and the responsibility that its owners have in legal terms. Thus, a company can ...
Legal procedure
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It is constituted by the combination and coordination of several legal acts that, being procedurally autonomous, are intended to produce the final legal effect of the process; that is, it is composed of the acts of initiation, development ...
Localization
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Localization means customization of all components of a product for a particular target market. These components include: product itself, customer service, any printed or online documentation related to the product, online presentation ...
Logistics
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is used to refer to the process of coordinating and moving resources from one location to storage at the desired destination.
Logo
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A logo is a graphical mark that is used to identify a company, organization, product or brand. A logo can be displayed alongside – or in lieu of- the companies’ name, in order to create awareness of the association of the company with ...
Management
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The organization and coordination of the activities of a business in order to achieve defined objectives, having the power and responsibility to make decisions and oversee an enterprise by developing the functions of management, that include ...
Market analysis
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In simple words, market analysis studies the attractiveness and the dynamics of a particular market. Understanding how the potential foreign market works and what customers want is very important, as it should help you identify where to ...
Marketing
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is the process of getting potential customers or customers interested in your products and services.
Opportunity cost or alternative cost
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designates the cost of the investment of the available resources, in an economic opportunity, at the cost of the available alternative investments, or also the value of the best option not made.
Partners
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Partners are all subjects that bring your product to end users on your foreign target markets. You may consider several approaches to identify and choose proper partners: finding domestic buyers who then export your product, finding domestic ...
Performance management
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can be understood as a framework in which performance by individuals can be directed, monitored, motivated and improved
Person-Organization fit
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approach that aims at finding the compatibility between employees and their organizations. This compatibility results from one party supplying a need of the other party, similar values across parties, or both.
Positioning
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is designed to promote the Website for the top position in search engines such as Google.pl, Onet.pl, Wp.pl, etc., through some words or phrases. Posicionamiento web, posicionamiento en buscadores o posicionamiento SEO se refiere a las ...
Public relations
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they are a set of strategies to establish effective communications between institutions and organizations.
Registered trademark
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It is a unique symbol or a word used to represent the business or its products. Once registered, the same symbol or series of words cannot be used by another organization, as long as it is still in use and the papers and taxes are in order.
ROI (Return on Investment)
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ROI stands for Return on Investments. Return on investment is a measure of profitability that indicates whether or not a company is using its resources in an efficient manner.
Sales forecast
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calculation made by the commercial department of a company of the volume of sales that will be made next year. The realization of a correct forecast of sales is vital for a company because from it the budget of income and expenses is derived ...
Sales pipeline
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MARKET ANALYSIS
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A sales pipeline is used to describes an approach of selling. A sales pipeline is founded on the underlying principles of the sales process. It describes the individual steps that salespeople take from the first contact with a prospect ...
Self-employed
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a type of worker who performs a lucrative economic activity on a regular basis and on his own. The self-employed are also called self-employed or individual entrepreneurs
SEO - search engine optimization
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SEO is short for search engine optimization (or search engine optimizer). Search engine optimization is a methodology of strategies, techniques and tactics used to increase the amount of visitors to a website by obtaining a high-ranking ...
Social Media
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MARKET ANALYSIS
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Social media is the collective name of online communications channels dedicated to communicate with your customers. It is based on input, interaction, content- sharing and collaboration. There are websites and applications that are dedicated ...
Social media
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Online sharing of knowledge and information among different groups of people
Social network
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a social network is a website that allows you to connect with other people, share photos, videos, music and other personal information. Social networks are great ways of keeping in touch with friends and family around the world as well ...
Strategic planning
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A systematic process of envisioning a desired future and translating this vision into broadly defined goals or objectives and a sequence of steps to achieve them. Strategic planning begins with the desired-end and works backward to the ...
Total reward
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package is divided on two main areas: transaction rewards (transactional - tangible rewards) and non-financial rewards (relational - non-financial/intrinsic rewards). The first one includes: base pay, variable pay (bonuses, other incentives) ...
Transformational leadership
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is understood as the one that cause changes to social and individual systems as it creates valuable and positive changes in the followers with the end goal of developing followers into leaders. Transformational leaders specialize in working ...
Transformational leadership
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is understood as the one that cause changes to social and individual systems as it creates valuable and positive changes in the followers with the end goal of developing followers into leaders. Transformational leaders specialize in working ...
VAT
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It is an acronym that stands for Value Added Tax and it is a widely-used tax around the world that affects the consumption, be goods or services. It is an extra percentage to end consumer when purchasing a good or benefiting from a service. ...
WordPress
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is an open-source and free Web publishing application, content management system (CMS) and blogging tool built by a community of developers and contributors. WordPress allows users to build dynamic websites and blogs that may be updated, ...
Administrative procedure
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it is the management or diligence that is carried out to obtain a result, in pursuit of something, or the formulations necessary to solve a thing.